Learning Objectives
Psychology 2300 - Introduction to Statistics
Instructor - Dr Jeremy Jackson
Potential Short Answer Quiz Questions
Grading Scheme for SA Questions
Click Here for Example Multiple Choice Questions
QUIZ 1
1) What are we squaring in a sum of squares? How to Answer Q1
2) Why is the mean more sensitive to extreme scores than the median? How to Answer Q2
3) Explain why the median rather than the mean is often calculated for "time to event" data.
4) In what sense is a variance a mean?
5) Give an example of a real-world case in which it would be important to report the AAD of a set of scores.
6) Give your own example of a real-world case in which it would be important to report the median as opposed to the mean of a set of scores.
8) Illustrate why outliers are so important to identify in the correlation/regression context.
9) Using a diagram relate the concept of conditional distribution to correlation.
QUIZ 2 & 3
11) What is the shape of a distribution of standard scores? Explain using a diagram.
12) Explain how standard scores are relative vs absolute and give your own example of the difference between the two. Discuss when relative scores as opposed to absolute scores are important.
13) What is the difference between the standard deviation and the standard error? Is the standard error a standard deviation?
14) What is the sampling distribution of the median?
15) Describe the difference between a probability distribution and a probability density function.
17) What is the logic of hypothesis testing? Give your own real-world example and associate each part of your example with the associated technical concepts.
18) Is the statistical significance of a finding greater as the p-value goes down?
19) What makes the null hypothesis so important?
20) What is the single most important number in statistics and why is it so important?
21) Why do we not make alpha 0?
Final
22) If the p-value is low, is the probability that the null hypothesis is true also low?
23) If the p-value is not less than alpha, do we accept the null hypothesis?
24) Why is beta more importat than alpha in the real world, but not in the "population bag" example we did in class?
26) Explain how it is that it makes sense to use an analysis of variance to test for differences between means.
27) Give an example of a case in which it might be appropriate to use an ANOVA and provide your own simple data to demonstrate the calculations that are needed to produce a P-Value. Provide the interpretation you would give in the case/example you provided.
28) What is Eta squared? Give your own example to demonstrate what Eta squared measures. be sure to distinguish between variability due to the IV and variability due to subject variables.
29) Distinguish between data analysis, hypothesis testing modelling and estimation. Give a simple example of each and discuss the appropriate contexts in which each should be used.